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In Common Cause v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court recognized the right to die with dignity as part of Article 21 and allowed ______ (advance medical directive) subject to safeguards.
- active euthanasia
- passive euthanasia
- assisted suicide
- mercy killing
Answer: passive euthanasia
Common Cause (2018): 5-judge bench held: (a) Right to die with dignity is part of Article 21, (b) Passive euthanasia (withdrawing life support) permissible for terminally ill patients in persistent vegetative state, (c) Living will (advance medical directive) valid subject to strict safeguards: medical board certification, judicial oversight, etc. Active euthanasia/assisted suicide remains illegal. Balances autonomy with sanctity of life.