GK Question

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In M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak case, 1987), the Supreme Court evolved the principle of ______ liability for enterprises engaged in hazardous activities, making them absolutely liable for harm caused.

  1. vicarious
  2. strict
  3. absolute
  4. contributory

Answer: absolute

M.C. Mehta (Oleum Gas Leak, 1987): SC evolved 'absolute liability' principle: enterprises engaged in hazardous/inherently dangerous activities are absolutely liable for harm caused, without exceptions available under strict liability (Rylands v. Fletcher). No defense of act of God, third party, etc. Foundation for environmental jurisprudence; led to compensation for Bhopal victims, pollution control measures.

Topic Environmental Jurisprudence - M.C. Mehta Cases
Exam Relevance Environmental liability principle frequently asked in UPSC and Judiciary exams
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