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Which statement best describes India's approach to Centre-State relations?
- Strict separation of powers with no overlap
- Flexible federalism with Union supremacy in national interest
- Complete State autonomy with minimal Union interference
- Unitary system with ceremonial States
Answer: Flexible federalism with Union supremacy in national interest
Indian federalism: (a) Division of powers via three Lists, but residuary powers with Union, (b) States have executive/legislative autonomy in State List, but Union can legislate during Emergency/with Rajya Sabha resolution, (c) Financial autonomy via tax devolution, but Finance Commission and GST Council ensure coordination, (d) Governor as bridge between Centre-State. Designed for unity in diversity: flexible enough for regional needs, strong enough for national challenges.