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Article 46's directive to promote SC/ST welfare requires intersectional approach: recognizing that SC/ST women, disabled persons face compounded disadvantage, and policies must address layered inequalities through targeted measures, data collection, and ______ participation in policy design.
- elite
- community
- foreign
- military
Answer: community
Article 46 intersectional SC/ST welfare: (a) Article 46 text: State shall promote with special care educational and economic interests of SC, ST, and other weaker sections, and protect them from social injustice, all forms of exploitation, (b) Intersectional approach rationale: (i) Compounded disadvantage: SC/ST women face caste + gender discrimination; SC/ST disabled persons face caste + disability barriers; policies must address layered inequalities, (ii) Targeted measures: Reservation, scholarships, entrepreneurship support tailored to specific needs of sub-groups within SC/ST, (iii) Data collection: Disaggregated data by caste, gender, disability essential for evidence-based policy, monitoring progress, (c) Community participation operationalization: (i) Gram Sabhas: Local decision-making forums enable SC/ST communities to prioritize needs, monitor schemes, (ii) Representative institutions: Reservation in Panchayats, Legislatures ensures SC/ST voices in policy design, implementation, (iii) Civil society engagement: SC/ST organizations, activists provide grassroots insights, accountability mechanisms, (d) Applications: (i) Sub-classification within SCs: Davinder Singh (2024) permits States to sub-classify SCs for equitable benefit distribution, operationalizing intersectional approach, (ii) Gender-sensitive policies: SC/ST women-focused schemes (education, livelihood, health) address compounded disadvantage, (iii) Disability inclusion: Accessible infrastructure, reasonable accommodation in SC/ST welfare schemes ensure inclusion of disabled persons, (e) Challenges: (i) Data gaps: Reliable, updated disaggregated data challenging to collect; requires capacity building, community trust, (ii) Political will: Intersectional policies require commitment to address most marginalized; may face resistance from dominant groups, (iii) Implementation capacity: Frontline workers need training on intersectionality, inclusive service delivery, (f) Illustrates transformative social justice: Article 46 operationalized through intersectional approach; balance between targeted measures, community participation, institutional capacity essential for realizing constitutional vision of substantive equality for SC/ST.