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The 73rd Amendment mandates reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Panchayats in proportion to their population in the Panchayat area, with reservation for SC/ST women within the women's reservation quota.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SC/ST reservation in Panchayats: (a) 73rd Amendment (1992): Article 243D mandates reservation for SC/ST in Panchayats: (i) Proportionate to population: Seats reserved for SC/ST in proportion to their population in Panchayat area, (ii) Rotation: Reserved seats rotated after each election to ensure broad participation, (iii) Women within SC/ST: One-third of SC/ST reserved seats also reserved for women from those categories, (b) Applications: (i) Political representation: SC/ST members elected to Panchayats in proportion to population; increased political participation of marginalized groups, (ii) Policy impact: SC/ST representatives prioritize issues affecting their communities (land rights, education, healthcare, anti-discrimination), (iii) Empowerment: Political participation builds confidence, leadership skills, social status for SC/ST communities, (c) Challenges: (i) Proxy leadership: Dominant caste members may influence SC/ST representatives, limiting independent voice, (ii) Capacity building: Training needed for SC/ST representatives on governance, legal procedures, advocacy, (iii) Social barriers: Caste discrimination may limit effective participation, voice of SC/ST representatives in Panchayats, (d) Illustrates transformative federalism: Constitutional amendment operationalizes social justice at grassroots; reservation enables political representation of marginalized groups, influencing local governance priorities.