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The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 established the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) to provide free and competent legal services to eligible persons, operationalizing the constitutional commitment to access to justice under Article ______ and Article 39A.
- 14
- 19
- 21
- 32
Answer: 21
NALSA and access to justice: (a) Constitutional basis: Article 21 (right to life includes fair procedure) + Article 39A (DPSP: free legal aid) provide foundation for legal services, (b) Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987: Established institutional framework: (i) NALSA at national level: Policy, coordination, monitoring, (ii) State/District Legal Services Authorities: Local implementation, legal aid camps, Lok Adalats, (iii) Eligibility criteria: Income threshold, case types (criminal, civil, family), vulnerable groups (women, children, SC/ST, disabled), (c) Applications: (i) Criminal justice: Legal aid for undertrials, death penalty cases, vulnerable accused, (ii) Civil matters: Family disputes, property disputes, consumer cases for poor litigants, (iii) Alternative dispute resolution: Lok Adalats expedite resolution, reduce court backlog, (d) Challenges: (i) Awareness gaps: Marginalized groups unaware of legal aid rights, procedures, (ii) Capacity constraints: Shortage of lawyers, infrastructure in remote areas, (iii) Quality concerns: Ensuring competent representation, not just formal compliance, (e) Illustrates substantive equality: Formal rights meaningful only with access to enforcement mechanisms; NALSA bridges gap between legal recognition and practical realization of justice.