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The Preamble begins with the words 'We, the people of India', indicating that the Constitution derives its authority from:
- the British Parliament
- the Constituent Assembly
- the people of India
- the President
Answer: the people of India
Popular sovereignty in Preamble: (a) 'We, the people of India': Asserts that Constitution's authority flows from citizens, not from external power or elite body, (b) Historical context: (i) Constituent Assembly elected indirectly but represented people's will through provincial assemblies, (ii) Distinction from colonial-era laws: Constitution not imposed by British but adopted by Indian representatives, (iii) Democratic foundation: Governance by, for, and of the people, (c) Constitutional operationalization: (i) Universal adult suffrage (Article 326): People choose representatives, (ii) Fundamental Rights: Protect individual dignity against state overreach, (iii) Directive Principles: Guide State to promote people's welfare, (iv) Judicial review: Courts protect Constitution as people's document, (d) Applications: (i) Electoral accountability: Citizens hold representatives accountable through elections, (ii) PIL: Citizens can approach courts for rights enforcement, (iii) RTI: Citizens access information to monitor governance, (e) Illustrates democratic constitutionalism: Popular sovereignty not abstract ideal but operational principle guiding institutional design, citizen engagement. Essential for UPSC Prelims factual knowledge and Mains conceptual understanding.