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The Supreme Court has held that Preamble values like democracy, secularism, federalism, and judicial review are part of the basic structure of the Constitution, meaning Parliament cannot amend the Constitution to destroy these core features.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Preamble and basic structure doctrine: (a) Kesavananda Bharati (1973): Basic structure includes supremacy of Constitution, republican/democratic form, secularism, federalism, separation of powers, judicial review, rule of law, individual dignity — many derived from Preamble values, (b) Subsequent cases: (i) Minerva Mills (1980): Balance between FRs and DPSP is basic structure, (ii) SR Bommai (1994): Federalism, secularism part of basic structure, (iii) Puttaswamy (2017): Privacy intrinsic to liberty/dignity; core rights unamendable, (c) Preamble's role: Helps identify which values are so fundamental they constitute basic structure; guides interpretation of what cannot be amended, (d) Implications: Parliament cannot amend Constitution to: (i) Abolish democracy, secularism, federalism, (ii) Remove judicial review of rights violations, (iii) Destroy core values (equality, dignity, fraternity), (e) Flexibility: Rights can be reasonably restricted (Article 19) or balanced (proportionality test), but core cannot be destroyed, (f) Illustrates constitutional supremacy: Preamble values protected against transient majorities through basic structure doctrine. Essential for UPSC Mains conceptual mastery.