polity hard Fill in the Blank

Under Article 359, the President may suspend the right to move any court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights during National Emergency, except for rights under Articles ______.

  1. 14 and 19
  2. 19 and 21
  3. 20 and 21
  4. 21 and 32

Answer: 20 and 21

Article 359(1A), inserted by 44th Amendment (1978): Presidential order suspending FR enforcement cannot apply to Articles 20 (protection in conviction: no ex post facto law, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination) and 21 (life and personal liberty). These core rights remain enforceable even during Emergency, protecting citizens from executive excesses.

Topic Writs - Suspension During Emergency
Exam Relevance Emergency-FRs safeguard question essential for UPSC Mains and Judiciary exams
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