Constitutional Morality in the digital age requires applying enduring values (privacy, equality, dignity) to emerging challenges like algorithmic bias, data surveillance, and digital exclusion, guided by the ______ test to balance innovation with rights protection.

Answer: proportionality

Constitutional Morality in digital governance: (a) Enduring values: Privacy (Puttaswamy), equality (Article 14), dignity (Article 21) provide normative framework for digital rights, (b) Emerging challenges: (i) Algorithmic bias: AI systems may perpetuate discrimination; require fairness audits, (ii) Data surveillance: State/corporate access to personal data; require transparency, oversight, (iii) Digital exclusion: Elderly, rural, disabled populations left behind; require inclusive design, accessibility standards, (c) Proportionality test application: (i) Legitimate aim: Innovation, security, welfare efficiency, (ii) Rational connection: Technology must serve stated purpose, (iii) Necessity: Least restrictive alternative (e.g., targeted vs mass surveillance), (iv) Balancing: Benefits must outweigh privacy intrusion, exclusion risks, (d) DPDP Act, 2023: Framework for balancing innovation with rights protection. Illustrates adaptive constitutionalism: applying enduring values to emerging technological contexts through calibrated judicial review.