The 'Base Erosion and Profit Shifting' (BEPS) project, initiated by the OECD and G20, aims to combat tax avoidance strategies used by multinational corporations that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to shift profits to ___-tax jurisdictions.

Answer: low (or zero / no)

Multinational corporations often use complex accounting loopholes to artificially shift their taxable profits away from the high-tax countries where the actual economic value is created, and into tax havens where they have little to no physical presence. The BEPS framework introduces 15 actions to close these loopholes, ensure transfer pricing transparency, and mandate that profits are taxed where real economic activities occur.